Acing the GRE – Q & A with Satish Kumar

For all people in 4th year and beyond, its GRE season and we decided to catch up with Satish Kumar – who just passed VIT and is now doing his masters in Purdue, USA. Needless to say, Purdue is one of the best universities across the globe and getting there isn’t easy.

So, we decided to ask him for an interview about how to approach the entire GRE procedure, and we’re thankful that he agreed to take the time out to answer each one of our questions.

 

And without further delay, here’s Satish:

Q: How much was your score?

A: my score was 1280/1600 , 800 in quant and 480 in verbal 

Q: How important is a good score in GRE?

A: It depends highly on the college, but it is always preferred that you have a full score in the quant section, which in most cases is a requirement (for some good universities). But there are universities which don ask you for a GRE score. So it highly depends on the score. And aim for a score of 1300+ , that is supposed to be a good and safe score.

Q: Any tips on preparing for the GRE?

A: All of us are generally good at GRE math, so you need not concentrate much on the  quant, if you have problems, you could solve some sample papers and you would be fine. There are a few areas you would want to perfect yourself before giving the exam such as data interpretation and statistics.

But verbal is the crucial point, don make the mistake of giving GRE without any preparation ( I did), you will realize that there are a lot of words which you would have seen somewhere but you can't recollect. I strongly suggest the Princeton Review's Hit list of words for GRE, they are very useful and have a high occurrence in the actual exam, but nevertheless it is also good if you take a general summer course in one of the many institutes for GRE. Again it highly depends on the person, if you are good at English and vocabulary you might not need any preparation.

Q: What is the application procedure?

A: The procedure is generally like, while you are preparing for GRE and TOEFL you also look at the possible universities you are interested in and shortlist them, once you are done with the exams, you can actively look up the research or work going on in each of the universities and then apply accordingly, most top universities have deadlines in first/second week of December for the following year's fall admissions. So make sure you do things in time. Also look up for Professors/Lecturers/Other people who have worked with you or taught you for writing Letter of Recommendations (LORs) for you. Also start writing your Statement of Purpose (SOP) early and keep revising it.

During the application, you will have to pay some application fee (80-100$) and then fill up a long application form and then submit your SOP, resume and other required documents. You will be asked to enter the details of the persons who would submit LORs for you, the persons will receive an email from the university asking them to submit an LOR for the corresponding student. Most universities follow this system of online submission. After everything is done, you will have to send a copy of your official transcripts to the university via courier (the DHL service in Vellore is awesome, they even come to the university and pick up your packet). So basically all this should be done before the deadline.

Though this is the general flow of events, the steps might vary largely for some universities, so always make sure that you read the steps required to be finished on the concerned universities website etc.

Q: How long does it take for the application results to be released after applying?

A: This again varies largely, but most universities which have deadlines in december start sending out replies by march or mid April. 

Q: What should be a student’s strategy while applying for Universities? Which universities should they aim for?

A: The general strategy is that the student picks up some universities which are dream to just try their luck, and then some universities which are safe or obvious (these are mostly lower than the dream universities), and then some super safe universities. So in the worst case you will end up at least in the super safe universities. But mostly people get selects from the safe universities and sometimes even from the dream universities. Also one could use sites such as msinus.com etc for some help, though let me caution you that they are far from accurate.

Q: How should the Visa interviews be approached?

A: Visa interviews are generally easy, but be very meticulous with the base paper work, be very confident whatever it may be, and I have not heard of many rejects. I guess we can talk about the finer aspects at a later appropriate stage.

Q: How difficult is it to get a US visa?

A: It is not very difficult, of all my friends who applied this year (about 15-20) , no one was denied a visa. Visa denials are very rare, especially for VIT students.

Q: How difficult is it to settle down in a university abroad? What were your challenges?

A: The main challenges I/my friends faced in the first weeks were :

getting used to the accent, it is very tough to understand what people speak, but you adjust very fast , so its ok

food and other minor issues like general behaviour ( I did not face problems with these but mentioned them since I have seen people around me struggling with these), traffic rules etc

But don't worry, the people here are very friendly, so you will have almost no problems.

Q: How is the atmosphere in the university? Is there a culture shock?

A: Not much of a shock, I mean coming from VIT at least you can't say that ;). But yeah you need to get used to things and stop staring at girls ! :D

Q: Apart from the universities in the US, what are the other viable options for students from India?

A: I am not really  sure about this, you should probably ask someone else.

Q: How hard is it to get financial assistance? What is the procedure to apply for financial assistance?

A: The procedure generally depends on the university and more specifically on the department. If you are lucky enough you would be offered funding when you are selected itself. Other wise you will have to come to the university and look out for opportunities(like in my case). It is not very tough, but depends on the university. Mostly all Indians end up with something or the other after a semester.

Q: How are scholarships awarded? On what basis?

A: I am not really sure about this, there are a huge variety of options here too ... I mean there are fellowships for minorities and then there are merit based scholarships etc, so you can get this information mostly from the university website and after going to the university.

VIT’s very own Cloud Computing Centre #3

It’s now time for the third article in the series of articles on cloud computing.

This time I will cover Eucalyptus, a Linux based , open-source software infrastructure for the implementation of cloud computing on computer clusters which provides an interface that is compatible with the Amazon EC2 service.

A Eucalyptus cloud setup consists of five types of components. The cloud controller (CLC) and "Walrus" are top-level components, with one of each in a cloud installation. The cloud controller is a Java program that offers EC2-compatible SOAP and "Query" interfaces, as well as a Web interface to the outside world. In addition to handling incoming requests, the cloud controller performs high-level resource scheduling and system accounting. Walrus, also written in Java, implements bucket-based storage, which is available outside and inside a cloud through S3-compatible SOAP and REST interfaces.

Top-level components can aggregate resources from multiple clusters (i.e., collections of nodes sharing a LAN segment, possibly residing behind a firewall). Each cluster needs a cluster controller (CC) for cluster-level scheduling and network control and a "storage controller" (SC) for EBS-style block-based storage. The two cluster-level components would typically be deployed on the head-node of a cluster. Finally, every node with a hypervisor will need a node controller (NC) for controlling the hypervisor. CC and NC are written in C and deployed as Web services inside Apache; the SC is written in Java. Communication among these components takes place over SOAP with WS-security.

Many instructions in this article refer to a single-cluster installation, in which all components except NC are co-located on one machine, which we refer to as front-end. All other machines, running only NCs, will be referred to as nodes. In more advanced configurations, such as those with multiple CCs or with Walrus deployed separately, the front-end will refer to just the machine running the CLC.

Eucalyptus can be installed from source or using a set of packages (RPM and DEB). The former method is more general and should work on practically any Linux system, the latter is easier but will only work on the distributions that Eucalyptus support. As of 1.6 they are:

CentOS 5.4,
Debian squeeze,
OpenSUSE 11, and
Ubuntu 9.04 "Jaunty" and 9.10 "Karmic".

To install eucalyptus on CentOS refer this link : http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/EucalyptusInstallationCentos_v1.6

For configuration details refer the following links in order:

http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/first-time-setup-16
http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/hypervisor-configuration
http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/EucalyptusNetworking_v1.6
Once Eucalyptus is installed, the management tools called Euca2ools should be installed. For this refer to http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/Euca2oolsCentosInstall_v1.1

To troubleshoot, look at the eucalyptus forums.  You can also ask your questions by commenting on the article.

Next time, we will look into cloud management using Euca2ools.

VIT’s very own Cloud Computing Centre #2

This is the second instalment in the series of articles on Cloud Computing. As promised in the previous article, this article will cover two major topics

 

 

 

• Deployment Models
• Importance of Interoperability and open standards in Cloud Computing.

Deployment Models:

1. Public Clouds: Public clouds are based on the standard cloud computing model, where a service provider provides resources (Applications, platforms, Infrastructure) to the general public over the Internet. Public cloud services may be free or priced on pay-per-usage model.

Benefits:

1. Easy access to resources through the Internet
2. Inexpensive due to the payment model.
3. Scalability(The most important benefit of cloud computing i.e. elasticity)

Examples of Public Clouds: Amazon EC2 service –> paid service ->provider of Iaas, Google App engine –> paid service –>PaaS, Google Docs –>Free (I'm not sure if they have an enterprise subscription) ->SaaS

2. Private Clouds: Private clouds are similar to Public clouds, except that they are build on private networks. The idea behind private cloud is to deliver the benefits of cloud computing at the same time reducing the security risks that arise with public clouds. Private clouds are best suited for large corporations that are not comfortable with having their data on a public cloud. It is estimated that private clouds will be adopted more in the coming years until all the security concerns are addressed. Eucalyptus is an open source software used to build private clouds. The cloud infrastructure that is being build at VIT by the Linux User Group is powered by Eucalyptus.

3. Hybrid Clouds: Hybrid cloud is an environment in which some resources are kept in-house (may be on a private cloud) and some resources are placed on the public cloud. This setup is also ideal for corporations.

Interoperability:

Interoperability w.r.t Cloud Computing refers to the ability of customers to use the same artefacts (Management tools, OS images, APIs) with a variety of cloud computing vendors. Let me give you two examples:

a) GNU/Linux images running on Amazon EC2 should be able to run on Slicehost without changes.

b) The Office documents created on Google Docs should be editable on other Vendor services.

The idea behind open standards and interoperability is to avoid vendor lock-in so that customers can migrate between vendors depending on their service. It is an important issues as proprietary lock-in can hinder the adoption of cloud computing. If cloud computing is to move ahead, vendors need to put aside their differences and agree on common principles related to security and the interoperability of cloud platforms. A lot of groups and forums have been formed to address these issues of which the important ones are CCIF and DMTF.

In the next article I will cover a step by step procedure to build your own Private Cloud. Till we meet again, Happy reading.

VIT’s very own Cloud Computing Centre #1

We finally got Anirudh Nair to speak up about the Cloud Computing Centre he and some more students from VIT are working so hard on. The cloud is going to be located at MB 111 (if you’re still in campus, feel free to give them a visit).

The cloud computing centre is a collaborative venture by LUG@VIT.

Setting up a cloud hasn’t been easy, and here we have Anirudh Nair sharing his experiences with you in a series of articles. Enjoy!

This is the first in the series of articles on Cloud Computing. In this article I will cover the basic idea behind cloud and the different services that are possible with cloud computing.

Cloud computing has been a buzzword for quite sometime now. Over the past few years cloud computing has matured from a mere buzzword to a dynamic infrastructure used by hundreds of organizations around the world.  All the major IT companies already have a cloud related product in the market.

The cloud technology is still evolving and a rigid definition of cloud is not possible. In simple terms a Cloud is an infrastructure of dynamic resources which are utilized on demand. They are basically a clusters of computer nodes which are scaled as and when required.

The three fundamental services possible through cloud computing are

         a) Infrastructure as a service (Iaas)
         b) Platform as a service (PaaS)
         c) Software as a service (SaaS)

I'll touch upon each of the services in detail. 

IaaS:

Infrastructure service delivers virtualized hardware(processor, RAM, network adapters)  as a service. So, instead of purchasing a server or data center or network equipments, clients can get these resources as a service. The service is billed on as per the amount of resource consumed. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the most successful IaaS provider to date. Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) offers, as the name suggests, server power that can grow and contract in line with an organization's demands.

PaaS:

PaaS offerings may include facilities for application design, application development, testing, deployment and hosting as well as application services such as team collaboration, web service integration and marshalling, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application instrumentation and developer community facilitation. These services may be provisioned as an integrated solution over the web. An example of PaaS is Google App Engine.

SaaS:

SaaS,  is software that is deployed over a network. With SaaS, a provider licenses an application to customers as a service on demand, through a subscription or a “pay-as-you-go” model. Saas is also called “software on demand.” SaaS vendors develop, host, and operate software for customer use. Rather than install software on site, customers access the application over the Internet. The most common examples of SaaS are Gmail and Google docs.

Now, in the next article I'll cover the different  deployment models and the importance of open standards in Cloud Computing. The future articles will also contains detailed instructions setting up your own private IaaS using open source tools. Till we meet again, Happy Reading.

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